Manufacturing Industries
Multiple Choice Questions:
(i) Which one of the following industries uses bauxite as a raw material?
- (a) Aluminium Smelting
(ii) Which one of the following industries manufactures telephones, computers, etc.?
- (b) Electronic
Answer the following briefly in not more than 30 words:
(i) What is manufacturing?
- Manufacturing is the process of converting raw materials into finished products through machines, labour, and technology.
(ii) What are basic industries? Give an example.
- Basic industries supply their products as raw materials for other industries. Example: Iron and Steel industry.
Write the answers of the following questions in 120 words:
(i) How do industries pollute the environment?
Industries pollute the environment in several ways. They release smoke and harmful gases like sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide into the air, causing air pollution. Industrial effluents containing toxic chemicals are discharged into rivers and water bodies, leading to water pollution. Noise pollution comes from heavy machinery and factory operations. Land pollution is caused by dumping solid waste and chemicals, which degrade soil quality. Additionally, the use of fossil fuels and improper waste management further increase environmental degradation, affecting human health, flora, and fauna.
(ii) Discuss the steps to be taken to minimise environmental degradation by industry?
To minimise environmental degradation, industries must adopt cleaner technologies and use energy-efficient machinery. Installing pollution control devices like filters and scrubbers can reduce air pollution. Wastewater should be treated before disposal to decrease water pollution. Proper disposal and recycling of solid waste, and switching to renewable energy sources, help reduce land and air pollution. Enforcing environmental regulations, conducting regular monitoring, and raising awareness among workers can further help protect the environment. Industries should also follow government norms and policies for sustainable industrial development.
ACTIVITY: Give one word for each with regard to industry.
(i) Used to drive machinery (5): Power
(ii) People who work in a factory (6): Worker
(iii) Where the product is sold (6): Market
(iv) A person who sells goods (8): Retailer
(v) Thing produced (7): Product
(vi) To make or produce (11): Manufacture
(vii) Land, Water and Air degraded (9): Pollution
PROJECT WORK: Select one agro-based and one mineral-based industry in your area.
Example:
Agro-based Industry: Sugar Mill
(i) Raw materials they use: Sugarcane
(ii) Other inputs involving transportation cost: Water, electricity, packaging materials, and transportation of finished sugar to markets.
(iii) Are these factories following environmental norms? Most modern sugar mills treat their waste water and dispose of solid waste responsibly, but compliance depends on monitoring by authorities.
Mineral-based Industry: Cement Factory
(i) Raw materials they use: Limestone, clay, gypsum
(ii) Other inputs involving transportation cost: Coal/power for fuel, packaging, and transportation of cement bags.
(iii) Are these factories following environmental norms? Many cement factories install dust collectors and treat manufacturing waste, but strict adherence to environmental norms varies by location.